Fortran
1957Fortran is the oldest programming language still in use, primarily for scientific calculations. It initially lacked features like pointers, making it challenging for system tasks. Fortran 77 improved control structures and character data. Fortran 90 introduced pointers for increased reliability, while Fortran 95 allows custom data types, similar to C programming.
Cobol
1959It was created because it's easier to write and read. The use of COBOL has declined, but the Dutch government still used it in 2018. In the past, COBOL was common on Digital computers like VAX and Alpha. The group behind COBOL introduced COBOL-61, and its usage increased. COBOL-74 is an improved version with collaboration with ANSI. In COBOL-2002, it's possible to use a multi-paradigm programming language. Grace Murray Hopper played a significant role in COBOL's development.
C
1972In 1972, the programming language C was introduced, and it is still widely used today. It quickly gained popularity worldwide. The designer, Dennis Ritchie, also found success with Unix. Many programming languages, such as C# and C++, have their origins in C. C remains a favorite among programmers and is one of the most prominent programming languages globally. It's suitable for creating games and apps. Dennis Ritchie played a pivotal role in its development.
Python
1991Python is a widely-used programming language, especially for data and game development. It is primarily used for backend programming. Python uses duck-typing, allowing you to adapt objects with new methods. Python code is written in text files with specific extensions. To execute Python, you use the "python" command at the beginning of your code. It is known for its readable syntax, making it pleasant to read and write code. Python is also commonly used for automating tasks. Guido van Rossum played a significant role in its development.
PHP
1994PHP, originally known as Personal Home Page Tools, is now called Hypertext Preprocessor or simply PHP. It is a backend programming language primarily used for websites. PHP is used worldwide and is particularly useful for presenting and storing data, enabling functions like creating a guestbook for people to leave and view messages. PHP also allows for embedding HTML code on various pages. Rasmus Lerdorf played a key role in its creation.
Java
1995Java allows you to create software for various platforms, using the "Write once run anywhere" (WORA) approach. It's used for developing services and applications. The advantage of Java is its platform independence, as it runs on any operating system. However, it may not be the fastest language. Sun Microsystems originally owned Java, and it is now owned by Oracle Corporation.
Javascript
1993JavaScript is often considered one of the most widely used and versatile programming languages. It can be used for various purposes, including creating web pages, web forms, web applications, and browser games. Brandon Eich was a key figure in the creation of JavaScript.
Html CSS
1993HTML and CSS are languages used for creating websites. HTML is used for structuring web content, while CSS is used for designing the appearance of web pages. HTML5 is the most recent version of HTML, and CSS3 is the latest version of CSS. Tim Berners-Lee played a significant role in the development of HTML and is often credited as the inventor of the World Wide Web.
C#
2000C# is a backend programming language used for creating mobile apps, desktop applications, and games. It's often compared to Java but is considered more capable and powerful. Anders Hejlsberg played a significant role in the development of C#.
Bicep
2020Bicep is a Microsoft programming language for Azure that is used to implement Azure resources. It offers the advantage of having a simplified syntax. It was introduced by Microsoft in 2020.